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Baha'i Faith and Environment

By admin, 15 December, 2017
Year
2023
Environment
Baha'i Faith

BAHA'I FAITH AND ENVIRONMENT

This page assembles resources documenting the involvement of the founders of the Bahá'í Faith, its institutions, and significant individual Bahá'ís in the environment and sustainability.


Dates

Selected Bahá'í-Associated Events and Activities

Selected External Events

EARLY PERIOD (the roots of the tree, 1800s to 1970)

Late 1800s
  • Bahá'u'lláh withdraws for two years in the wilderness of Sulimanieh where "the birds of the air were My companions and the beasts of the field My associates."
  • Bahá'u'lláh spurs restoration of aqueduct for water supply to Acre.
  • Bahá'u'lláh agrees to leave prison city of Acre: "The country is the world of the soul, the city is the world of bodies."
  • Abdu’l-Bahá creates Ridvan Garden for Bahá'u'lláh’s enjoyment with help of plants brought by pilgrims
  • 1880 World Population = 1.4 billion
  • 1892 Sierra Club founded
Early 1900s
  • Ábdu'l-Bahá averts famine in Palestine by encouraging agriculture and storage of grain. Receives knighthood (KBE).
  • 1914-18 World War I
Early to mid 1900s
  • Shoghi Effendi, after assuming position of Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith, retreats to mountains of Switzerland for physical and spiritual renewal.
  • Shoghi Effendi designs gardens around shrines in Holy land.
  • 1924 Richard St. Barbe Baker (RBB) forms ‘Men of the Trees’ (later: International Tree Foundation).
  • 1929 Shoghi Effendi becomes first lifetime member of Men of the Trees.
  • 1930s RBB launches Save the Redwoods campaign in California (12,000 acre reserve established in perpetuity); he inspires Roosevelt to create Civilian Conservation Corps.
  • 1933 Letter written on behalf of Guardian describes relationship between inner and outer environments. 1
  • 1929 Stock Market Crash followed by 1930s Great Depression

 

Mid 1900s
  • 1945-1970s RBB organizes annual World Forestry Charter Gatherings; for years they are opened with short message from Shoghi Effendi
  • 1950s after 25,000 mile expedition around Sahara, RBB leads expedition to reclaim the Sahara Desert by strategic planting of trees.
  • 1960s RBB works to divert highway saving more California redwoods; (at urging of Universal House of Justice (UHJ), US National Spiritual Assembly (NSA) writes letter of support to government officials).
  • 1939-45 World War II
  • 1952 great London Smog kills thousands
  • 1962 Silent Spring (Rachel Carson) focuses on global impact of toxic chemicals

MIDDLE PERIOD (the trunk of the tree 1970-2009)

1970s
  • 1972 Baha'i International Community (BIC) sends 2 representatives to UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm. BIC circulates statement: The Environment and Human Values: a Bahá'í View
  • 1974 BIC begins formal affiliation with UNEP; appoints representative in Nairobi
  • 1970 World population = 3.7 billion
  • 1970 First Earth Day observed by millions in US; spurs landmark environmental legislation.
  • 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm)
1980s
  • 1985 BIC formalizes its relationship with UNEP
  • 1987 Bahá'ís are sixth religion to join Network on Religion and Conservation, issue Baha’i Statement on Nature.
  • 1988 Spiritual Foundations for an Ecologically Sustainable Society by Robert White, first published.2
  • 1989 BIC opens Office of the Environment in New York
  • 1989 Ridvan Message encourages environmental conservation in Bahá'í community3
  • 1989 BIC reinstitutes World Forestry Charter Gathering on centenary of RBB’s birth
  • 1984 Union Carbide gas leak, Bhopal, India; 10,000 killed, many more injured
  • 1986 Chernobyl nuclear plant explosion exposes 100s of thousands to high levels radiation
  • 1986 five major religions meet on environment in Assisi, form Network on Religion and Conservation (NRC)
  • 1987 Brundtland Commission defines sustainable development in Our Common Future
  • 1988 Sikhs and Jains join NRC
1990s
  • 1990 Ridvan Message reports on Office of Environment achievements 4
  • 1990 BIC begins preparations for 1992 Rio Earth Summit. Issues 2 statements at related meetings: Environment and Development(August, Preparatory Committee (PC) 1, Geneva); World Conservation Strategy for the 1990’s (November, IUCN General Assembly, Perth)
  • 1990 US NSA NGO Liaison meets with 120 organizations; helps form Citizens Network for Sustainable Development (CitNet) to prepare collectively for Rio Earth Summit. Serves as CitNet Secretary; Co-chair of Working Group on Ethics (WGE) (to draft input for Earth Charter, 1 of 5 anticipated outcomes of Summit).
  • 1990 Research Dept. of the UHJ releases Conservation of the Earth’s Resources, a compilation of quotes from the Sacred Writings on environment.
  • 1990 Unless and Until: a Bahá'í Focus on the Environment, is published.5 It is an excellent primer on Bahá’í views on the environment, by Arthur Dahl
  • 1991 BIC releases several statements at meetings preparing for Rio Earth Summit: Earth Charter (April, PC2, Geneva); International Legislation For Environment and Development (Aug, PC3, Geneva); Women and Men: Partnership for a Healthy Planet (Nov, at the World Women’s Congress for a Healthy Planet, Miami)
  • 1992 (March, NYC, PC4) The Earth Charter/ Rio Declaration and the Oneness of Humanity
  • 1992 (June, Rio de Janeiro) BIC participates in Rio Earth Summit. Reads statement in Plenary: Sustainable Development and the Human Spirit; dedicates Peace Monument; publishes book of children’s art; helps facilitate drafting of NGO treaty on an Earth Charter.
  • 1993 At first meeting of UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), BIC releases World Citizenship: a Global Ethic for Sustainable Development, which continues to circulate widely throughout ‘90s.
  • 1994 second World Forestry Charter Gathering hosted by BIC in St. James Palace, London - followed up on forest issues raised at 1992 Earth Summit; honored Bahá'í commitments to environment.
  • 1994 World Order Magazine (25)4 publishes, Toward a New Environmental Stewardship, by Michael Karlberg
  • 1995 Bahá'ís participate in Summit of the Alliance on Religions and Conservation (Windsor Castle, UK). Network of Religions and Conservation becomes Alliance on Religions and Conservation (ARC), commits to further acts of conservation. Bahá'ís release paper, Conservation and Sustainable Development in the Bahá'í Faith outlining key principles and actions taken to date.
  • 1996 Bahá'ís participate in Habitat II (Istanbul); statement: Sustainable Communities in an Integrating World
  • 1997 Bahá'ís participate in drafting Benchmark I of the Earth Charter released at Earth Summit+5
  • 1997 The International Environment Forum (IEF) holds its first annual conference (Netherlands) 26 express desire to become members6
  • 1998 (Netherlands) 2nd annual IEF conference, explores Bahá'í contributions on Earth Charter Benchmark Draft I and makes recommendations to drafters.
  • 1992 (June, Rio) 117 heads of state and thousands of others attend UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or “Earth Summit”; outcomes include Agenda21, ‘blueprint’ for sustainable development.
  • 1992 Convention on Climate Change sets non-binding CO2 reduction goals.
  • 1993 First meeting of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development
  • 1995 IPCC report concludes there is a “discernible human influence on global climate “
  • 1995 4th UN Conference on Women, Beijing
  • 1994-2000 Earth Charter initiative drafting process revived by the Earth Council and Green Cross International.
  • 1997 Earth Summit+5 conference (in Rio) reviews progress on 1992 commitments; releases Benchmark I draft of the Earth Charter.
  • 1997 the Kyoto Protocol strengthens the 1992 Convention on Climate Change, but its controversial emissions trading scheme and debates on the role of developing countries cloud its future.
2000’s
  • 2000 A BIC representative speaks at the official launch of the Earth Charter in the Hague, in support of its goals7.
  • 2000 Peace Monument in Rio receives final earth samples, donations are from nearly 150 countries.
  • 2001 BIC participates in preparations for the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD). Statement circulated and delivered orally at PC1, NYC: Sustainable Development: the Spiritual Dimension
  • 2002 BIC delegation to the WSSD stresses ethics and spiritual dimension of sustainable development. The Baha'i statement, Religion and Development at the Crossroads: Convergence or Divergence is circulated widely 8
    • 2002 IEF, accredited to WSSD as a scientific and technical organization, holds its 6th annual conference in a series of parallel events at the summit.
  • 2003 In response to the announcement of a UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014) 100 organizations meet in Washington and form the US Partnership for Education for Sustainable Development (US Partnership). A US Baha'i representative works with others to organize Partnership’s Faith Sector team.
  • 2005 IEF sponsors an online course on “Sustainable Development and the Prosperity of Humankind” through the Wilmette Institute. Due to its popularity it is repeated frequently.
  • 2005 BIC holds a side event at CSD-15 on the Ethical Dimensions of Climate Change effectively opening for the first time at the UN the discourse on this topic.
  • 2005 IEF and the US NSA co-sponsor a seminar in Orlando, Florida on “Education for Sustainable Development: the Spiritual Dimension”. Participants come from 9 countries on 4 continents.
  • 2006 US Partnership legally incorporates. Baha'i representative serves on its board of directors and later becomes secretary. US NSA donates funds to help support its operations.
  • 2006 IEF holds 10th annual conference in Oxford, UK on “Science, Faith and Global Warming.” IEF now has 171 voting members from 47 countries
  • 2007 The Baha’i World 2005-2006, includes an article by Arthur Dahl, “Climate Change and its Ethical Challenges”
  • 2007 IEF holds its 11th annual conference in Ottawa, Canada – “Responding to Climate Change: Scientific Realities, Spiritual Imperatives” co-sponsored by the NSA of Canada and in collaboration with other organizations.
  • 2008 NSA of Canada sends letter to the community reporting on the IEF conference, encourages climate awareness and action9. The community response is positive and varied.
  • 2008 BIC produces working paper: “Seizing the Opportunity: Redefining the challenge of climate change”; sends small delegation to climate talks in Poznan, Poland (COP-14)
  • 2008 Orlando SED conference holds three hour plenary on Climate Change.10
  • 2009 BIC signs Interfaith Declaration on Climate Change
  • 2009 In cooperation with ARC and UNDP, BIC joins other religions in pledging 7 year plans for generational change – to address climate change. Baha'i plan stresses institute process, particularly engaging junior youth, to inspire acts of service.
  • 2009 IEF holds 13th annual conference on theme, “Environments” with Association for Baha'i Studies in Washington, DC. IEF now has 230 voting members from 54 countries.
  • 2009 BIC leads delegation of 21 at COP15 climate talks in Copenhagen
  • 2009 IEF posts online course on the Scientific and Spiritual Dimensions of Climate Change which is taken by groups around the world. (Course is updated several times since)
  • 2009 Berkshire Publishing publishes a 9-volume “Encyclopedia of Sustainability”. The volume, “Spirit of Sustainability” includes an article, Sustainability and the Baha'i Faith, by Michael Karlberg.

 

  • 2000 World population = 6 billion
  • 2000 Earth Charter launched (the Hague)
  • 2002 Some 3250 Sq. Km of Antarctica’s Larsen B ice shelf collapse due to warming.
  • 2002 104 leaders and thousands of delegates meet at World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg)
  • 2003 Heat wave in Europe kills more than 30,000
  • 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami is deadliest natural disaster in recorded history
  • 2005 UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development begins
  • 2005 Kyoto Protocol enters into force
  • 2005 Hurricane Katrina wreaks catastrophic damage along US gulf coast.
  • 2007 China overtakes the US as biggest greenhouse gas emitter
  • 2007 Gore and the IPCC win Nobel Peace Prize for their work on climate change

 

CONTEMPORARY PERIOD (leaves and branches of the tree, 2010+)

2010s
  • 2010 Brilliant Star Magazine, published by the USNSA wins APEX Award for Green Writing; over several years publishes several issues in observance of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-14).
  • 2010 US NSA writes to American Baha'i community encouraging environmental stewardship, reflection and action on climate change. 11
  • 2010 – BIC hosts well attended CSD-18 side event: Rethinking Prosperity – Forging Alternatives to a Culture of Consumerism based on BIC statement of same name12
  • Ridvan 2010 Message emphasizes dynamic relationship between involvement in discourses of society and social action, including in areas such as “climate change and the environment”13
  • 2010 and 2011 special courses on Environmental Stewardship and Justice are held at three US Baha'i permanent schools. Aimed primarily at Junior Youth, and some at adults, they foster a deeper connection with both the “Written Book” and “Book of Creation,” build awareness of social issues, and aim to inspire acts of service in the community.
  • 2011 US NSA writes to the American Baha'i community listing recent actions many have taken to foster environmental stewardship in the community, and encouraging participation in Interfaith Power and Light’s annual “Preach-in on Global Warming”, for which, materials are made available for three core activities: devotional gatherings, children’s classes, and Junior Youth groups on the theme of environmental stewardship and justice. They are later posted on the IEF website. The community responds with enthusiasm, although a few protest involvement in the topic of climate change.
  • 2011 BIC and IEF representatives at 64th UNDPI/NGO conference in Bonn collaborate to host workshops, contribute toward drafting sessions, and participate in other events in preparation for Rio+20. They host a dinner with a small group of experts to discuss importance of ‘elimination of extremes of wealth and poverty’ in the context of the “green economy” – a Rio+20 theme.14
  • 2011 BIC issues a statement "Initial considerations regarding the elimination of the extremes of poverty and wealth"
  • 2011 Canadian NSA joins other religious leaders in drafting an Interfaith Call for Climate Action.
  • 2011 a representative of the US NSA endorses a “Statement of Our Nation’s Moral Obligation to Address Climate Change”. After release on Capitol Hill, the statement is delivered to the Administration and all members of Congress.
  • 2011 Convened by ARC in association with WWF, all religions join to form Green Pilgrimage Network. Baha’is take part, make their pledge to green pilgrimages, and issue statement "Green Pilgrimage Network"
  • 2011 IEF holds its 15th annual conference in Hobart, Australia on "Ethical Responses to Climate Change". There are now 297 voting members from 56 countries.
  • 2012 BIC delegation organizes side events at UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) in Rio de Janeiro, and circulates statement "Sustaining Societies: Towards a New 'We'". The 16th IEF Conference is a series of parallel events at Rio+20
  • 2012 BIC also issues statements at UN meetings on "Empowerment as a Mechanism for Social Transformation" and "Beyond Balancing the Scales: The Roots of Equity, Justice and Prosperity for All"
  • 2014 For its 18th Conference, IEF joins the Association for Baha'i Studies - North America in Toronto, Canada, discussing "Scholarship and the Life of Society"
  • 2014 BIC delegation presents statement "To the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Lima, Peru"
  • 2015 IEF 19th conference with the PERL International Conference on "A Decade of Responsible Living: Preparing, Engaging, Responding and Learning" at UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France
  • 2015 In support of the UN Summit on the 2030 Agenda, BIC prepares statements "Bahá'í International Community Engagement with the Sustainable Development Goals" and "Summoning Our Common Will: A Bahá'í Contribution to the United Nations Global Development Agenda"
  • 2015 BIC and IEF organize/co-sponsor 5 side events at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris; BIC statement "Shared Vision, Shared Volition: Choosing Our Global Future Together", "Vision commune, volonté commune : Ensemble choisissons le futur de notre monde" [français] is distributed widely
  • 2016 IEF holds its 20th Conference in partnership with Nur University and the PERL/UNITWIN network, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, on "Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals as communities and individuals". There are now over 350 IEF members in 70 countries.
  • 2016 BIC emphasizes resilience in its statement "Rising Together: Building the Capacity to Recover from Within "
  • 2017 BIC focuses on disadvantaged groups in statements on "From Deficit to Abundance: Seeing Capacity for Meaningful Contribution in all Populations and People" and "Toward Prosperity: The Role of Women and Men in Building a Flourishing World Civilization"
  • 2017 IEF 21st Annual Conference in partnership with the Justice Conference, de Poort, The Netherlands, 14-17 April 2017 on "From Disintegration to Integration: navigating the forces of our time"
  • 2018 BIC statements address the economy and migration "Towards a Just Economic Order: Conceptual Foundations and Moral Prerequisites", "Rising Generations: Weaving a New Tapestry of Community Life", "Beyond Mere Economics: A Moral Inquiry into the Roots of Empowerment", "Migration: A Chance to Reflect on Global Well-Being, and "Viewing the movement of populations in the larger context of humanity's collective life.
  • 2018 The IEF 22nd Conference takes place in New York, USA, 9-18 July 2018 along side the UN High Level Political FOrum (HLPF) on the theme "Transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies"
  • 2019 The BIC returns to sustainable development "Unity in Action: Reclaiming the Spirit of the Sustainable Development Agenda.
  • 2019 IEF goes for its 23rd Annual Conference to Rotorua, New Zealand, 7-11 April 2019
  • 2011 World population = 7 billion
  • 2011 Arctic summer sea ice hits an all-time low
  • 2011 climate talks resume at COP-17, Durban, South Africa
  • 2014 COP-20 in Lima, Peru, prepares for summit in Paris next year
  • 2015 UN General Assembly Summit adopts 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals
  • 2015 Legally-binding Paris Agreement adopted at Climate Change Conference
  • 2016 Warmest year on record
  • 2017 Reports of collapsing bird and insect populations
2020s
  • 2020 For the UN 75th anniversary,  governance issues feature in BIC statements "Beyond measure: The heart of humanity’s crisis", and "A Governance Befitting: Humanity and the Path Toward a Just Global Order.
  • 2020 The IEF 24th Conference is a virtual conference from India, 11-12 July 2020 because of the pandemic
  • 2021 Technology and food were addressed by BIC "Reflections of Our Values: Digital Technologies and a Just Transition", "‘The First Active Agent in Human Society’: Putting Farmers at the Heart of Food Security Policy.
  • 2021 IEF holds its 25th Annual Conference in a virtual and hybrid format in association with the UN Climate Change Conference COP26 in Glasgow, Scotland, 1-5 November 2021
  • 2022 With climate change and our relationship with nature at the top of the agenda 50 years after the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, the BIC prepared three important statements: "The Heart of Resilience: The Climate Crisis as a Catalyst for a Culture of Equality", "One Planet, One Habitation: A Bahá'í Perspective on Recasting Humanity's Relationship with the Natural World" and commentary, and "Towards a Sustainable Food System.
  • 2022 The IEF 26th Conference is events in association with the UN Stockholm+50 International Meeting in Sweden 1-5 June 2022
  • 2022 COP27: Consensus on guiding principles essential to climate action, says Bahá'í International Community at SHARM EL-SHEIKH, Egypt, 24 November 2022
  • 2023 Chile Temple: Promoting a harmonious relationship with the natural world, Bahá'í World News Service, Santiago, Chile, 11 January 2023
  • 2023 BIC addressed work and employment in its statement "Employment and Beyond: Drawing on the Capacities of All to Contribute to Society as it explores the future of work
  • 2023 The Baha'i World online republishes Climate Change and Its Ethical Challenges by Arthur Dahl
  • 2023 Universal House of Justice Ridvan Message, 30 April 2023, calls for Community building and social action
  • 2023 A Tale of Two Summits, BIC Calls for Synergy Between SDGs and Summit of the Future
  • 2023 IEF organises its 27th Annual Conference as a series of virtual events associated with the UN SDG Summit and SOTF meeting in New York 16-22 September 2023
  • 2023 DRC House of Worship: Peaceful environs inspire thoughtful discussion on the environment
  • 2022 World population = 8 billion
  • 2023 UN SDG Summit, Climate Ambition Summit Change Conference
  • 2023 Warmest year on record
  • 2023 Mean ocean temperature 0.7°C increase in one year

 

1 "We cannot segregate the human heart from the environment outside us and say that once one of these is reformed everything will be improved. Man is organic with the world. His inner life moulds the environment and is itself also deeply affected by it. The one acts upon the other and every abiding change in the life of man is the result of these mutual reactions." (Letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi, 1933)

2 Journal of Bahá'í Studies, Vol. 7, number 2, 1988. This document was reprinted in different forms and distributed widely by the BIC throughout the ‘90s.

3 “...assisting in endeavours to conserve the environment in ways which blend with the rhythm of life of our community must assume more importance in Bahá'í activities.” (UHJ, Ridvan 1989)

4 “Through the newly established Office of the Environment, the Bahá'í International Community, on its own initiative and in collaboration with other environmental organizations, re-instituted the annual World Forestry Charter Gathering founded in 1945 by the renowned Richard St. Barbe Baker; since then the Office of the Environment has been invited to participate in important events sponsored by international organizations concerned with environmental questions.” (UHJ, Ridvan 1990)

5 No longer in print. Used copies may be available. Link is review of book.

6 A full list of IEF conferences and seminars can be found here. Only key selected conferences are listed in this chart. A general brochure describing IEF can be found here

7 The Bahá'í position on the Charter, determined later that year, is captured in this sentence: "While not officially endorsing the Earth Charter, the Baha'i International Community considers the effort toward drafting it and activities in support of its essential objectives to be highly commendable, and it will continue to participate in related activities, such as conferences, forums and the like." (From Wikipedia entry on the Earth Charter.)

8 Baha’I delegation to the WSSD is comprised of 21 individuals from six sister organizations: BIC; NSAs of Canada, Brazil, S. Africa; IEF and the European Baha'i Business Forum (EBBF). They participate in events in three areas: the official negotiating sessions; the civil society forum; and Ubuntu Village (a meeting ground between the two). They manage two exhibits and a press liaison office. More than 70 Baha’i’s from surrounding communities provide hospitality and logistical support.

9 The Canadian NSA letter notes, “Far from distracting from the processes of growth underway in Canada, attention to environmental practices that respect the earth and the oneness of its inhabitants must support and sustain them. Thus, small initiatives should be undertaken to gradually increase consciousness of our “ecological footprint” and develop capacity for responsible action that responds to the challenges of global climate change.”

10 At the 2008 Baha'i Conference on Social and Economic Development in Orlando, Florida, on 19-21 December 2008, the theme was sustainable development. The whole Saturday morning was devoted to climate change and its multiple dimensions, chaired by IEF board member Peter Adriance, and including IEF members Arthur Dahl, Halldor Thorgeirsson and Duncan Hanks, and Baha'i International Community representative Tahirih Naylor-Thimm.

11 The letter encourages Bahá'ís to “incorporate greater awareness of the environment in your community life and core activities.” It notes, “Materials will be developed to facilitate this study, but many resources, both Bahá'í-inspired and others, are already available.” Bahá'í resources include IEF and the NSA websites.

12 The statement became a focus of study at the NGO orientation for CSD-18 and was used to shape collective NGO oral statement in opening plenary.

13 “At the level of the cluster, involvement in public discourse can range from an act as simple as introducing Bahá’í ideas into everyday conversation to more formal activities such as the preparation of articles and attendance at gatherings, dedicated to themes of social concern—climate change and the environment, governance and human rights, to mention a few.” (UHJ, para. 30, Ridvan 2010)

14 The facilitated dinner discussion is a first attempt to find alternate ways of advancing a key discourse than through a traditional side event. It is deemed very successful by all participants (8 Bahá'ís and 8 guests), and will be tried again in different venues.


La Foi bahá'íe et l'Environnement

Based on a table by Peter Adriance, with updates

Last updated 8 October 2023

  • Timeline of Baha'i-associated Events and Environment
  • La Communauté Internationale Baha'ie et l'Environnement

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